「ヨハン・フリードリヒ (ザクセン選帝侯)」の版間の差分
Julyfestival (トーク | 投稿記録) (→de:Wittenberger Kapitulationより一部抜粋) |
Julyfestival (トーク | 投稿記録) |
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Sibylle, Electoress of Saxony, born in Dusseldorf, 17 July 1512, to Weimar, February 21, 1554, daughter of Duke John III. Of Cleve and Marias, the daughter of Duke William of Jiich and of Berg, and by this a great-granddaughter of the daughter of Elector Frederick II of Saxony, was proclaimed on June 3, 1527, with the Saxonian Kurprinzen, later Elector Johann Friedrich (the Magnanimous) of Saxony (p ) After the marriage between the latter and the Infanta Catherine of Spain had been dissolved. On the determination of the marriage contract that the duchy was to fall upon S., her husband, and both male descendants, after the departure of the Juelich-manish tribe, the claims of the Ernestine house depended on the inherited inheritance; But Emperor Charles V refused the confirmation of this treaty to the Elector John in 1530. In the court of her father's influence, influenced by Erasmus, she shared with her husband the zeal for Luther's doctrine, and the attack of Duke Moritz upon the Electorate in the absence of her husband, filled her with indignant indignation against his ingratitude (by Langenn, duke Moritz I, 296 f. 336). After the Battle of Miihlberg, Wittenberg, May 24, 1547, gave her the Emperor, who showed her great respect, and retired to Weimar. Her pleas for the confinement of her husband, with whom she entertained a lively correspondence, were unsuccessful. In Koburg, in September 1552, she celebrated a touching reunion with the liberated, but she passed him on 21 February 1554 in death. Both rest in the city church at Weimar. | Sibylle, Electoress of Saxony, born in Dusseldorf, 17 July 1512, to Weimar, February 21, 1554, daughter of Duke John III. Of Cleve and Marias, the daughter of Duke William of Jiich and of Berg, and by this a great-granddaughter of the daughter of Elector Frederick II of Saxony, was proclaimed on June 3, 1527, with the Saxonian Kurprinzen, later Elector Johann Friedrich (the Magnanimous) of Saxony (p ) After the marriage between the latter and the Infanta Catherine of Spain had been dissolved. On the determination of the marriage contract that the duchy was to fall upon S., her husband, and both male descendants, after the departure of the Juelich-manish tribe, the claims of the Ernestine house depended on the inherited inheritance; But Emperor Charles V refused the confirmation of this treaty to the Elector John in 1530. In the court of her father's influence, influenced by Erasmus, she shared with her husband the zeal for Luther's doctrine, and the attack of Duke Moritz upon the Electorate in the absence of her husband, filled her with indignant indignation against his ingratitude (by Langenn, duke Moritz I, 296 f. 336). After the Battle of Miihlberg, Wittenberg, May 24, 1547, gave her the Emperor, who showed her great respect, and retired to Weimar. Her pleas for the confinement of her husband, with whom she entertained a lively correspondence, were unsuccessful. In Koburg, in September 1552, she celebrated a touching reunion with the liberated, but she passed him on 21 February 1554 in death. Both rest in the city church at Weimar. | ||
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2016年12月7日 (水) 17:57時点における版
目次
英語版
一部抜粋
When the Schmalkaldic War broke out in 1546, he marched to the south at the head of his troops, but the unexpected invasion of his country by his cousin Duke Maurice compelled him to return. He succeeded in reconquering the larger part of his possessions and repelling Maurice, but suddenly the emperor hastened north and surprised the elector. The Battle of Mühlberg, 24 April 1547, went against him and dispersed his army. He received a slashing wound to the left side of his face, leaving him with a disfiguring scar from his lower eye socket down his cheek. He was taken prisoner by Charles V and sent into exile in Worms.
シュマルカルデン戦争が1546年に勃発すると、JFは軍を南へ進めた。ところが、従兄弟のモーリッツが、もぬけの殻になったJFの本拠地を急襲。JFは引き返さざるを得なくなる。モーリッツ軍を蹴散らして領地の大半を奪い返したが、突如、皇帝軍は北へ急行してきて、JFを驚かせた。そこでミュールベルクの戦いが起きた。1547年4月24日。彼の軍は散り散りになってしまった。JFは顔面の左側に斬り傷を負い、醜い傷跡を残した。眼孔の下から頬にかけて。カール5世によって囚われの身となり、en:Worms, Germanyに連れて行かれた。
en:Battle of Mühlbergより一部抜粋
The victory of the Imperial-Spanish forces led to the dissolution of the Schmalkaldic League.[2] John Frederick was captured (by the Hungarian hussars during the battle) and arrested. In the course of the Capitulation of Wittenberg[1] a few weeks later he had to resign the electoral dignity and the major part of his lands in favour of his cousin Maurice.[1][2]
皇帝軍の勝利によって、同盟は解体に追い込まれた。JFは戦闘中にハンガリーの騎兵部隊（hussar）によって捕まり、捕虜となった。その2,3週間後にヴィッテンベルクも陥落。JFは選帝侯位と領地の大半をモーリッツに差し出すことに同意セざるを得なくなった。
ミュールベルクの戦いも参照せよ。
en:Sibylle of Clevesより一部抜粋
The correspondence between Sibylle and her husband during his captivity as consequence of the Schmalkaldic War, showed a devoted and intimate couple. In the meanwhile, during the siege of Wittenberg, the Electress protected the city in her husband's absence. To save his wife and sons, and to prevent Wittenberg from being destroyed, Johann Friedrich conceded the Capitulation of Wittenberg, and resigned the government of his country in favour of Maurice of Saxony.
シュマルカルデン戦争の帰結として彼女の夫は捕虜となった。そのあいだ、夫婦間の通信は、献身的で親密なカップルでったことを示している。ヴィッテンベルクが包囲されている間、選帝侯妃は、夫の不在のなか、町を守った。妻と息子の命を護り、ヴィッテンベルクを破壊し尽くすことから守るために、JFは「ヴィッテンベルクの降伏文書」にサインせざるを得なくなった。それにより、彼の領地はモーリッツのものとなった。
en:Capitulation of Wittenbergより一部抜粋
The Electorate of Saxony and most of his territory, including Wittenberg, passed from the elder, Ernestine line to the cadet branch, the Albertine line of the House of Wettin.
ザクセン選帝侯位とその領地の大半、ヴィッテンベルクを含む、は、ヴェッティン家の宗家であるエルンスト家に伝わるものだったのだが、分家のアルブレヒト家の手に渡ることになった。
Wittenberg had become the focal point of the Protestant Reformation. On the door of the castle church at Wittenberg in 1517, Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses, the opening act of the Reformation. There in 1520 he burned the papal bull condemning him, and in 1534 the first Lutheran Bible was printed there. The Elector was the most important patron of the reforms.
ヴィッテンベルクはプロテスタントの宗教改革の焦点だった。1517年に、城の教会のドアは、マルチン・ルターが95箇条のあれを掲げた場所である。1520年に、MLは彼を批難した教皇からの破門状を焼き捨て、1534年には最初のルター聖書が出版された地である。ザクセン選帝侯は宗教改革の最大の庇護者だったのだ。
In 1547 Emperor Charles V, with the assistance of the Duke of Alva, captured Wittenberg after the Battle of Mühlberg, where John Frederick I was taken prisoner. Then, the Duke of Alva presided over a court-martial and condemned him to death. To save his life, the Prince-Elector conceded the capitulation of Wittenberg, and, after having been compelled to resign the government of his country in favor of his relative, Maurice of Saxony, his condemnation was commuted to imprisonment for life. Rescued on 1 September 1552, his homeward journey was a triumphal march. He removed the seat of government to Weimar.
1547年、カール5世は、アルバ公の援助を借りて、ミュールベルクの合戦でJFを捕虜にしたあと、ヴィッテンベルクを落とした。その後、アルバ公は、最高裁の判事を捕縛して死罪に値すると宣告した。彼の生命を救うため、選帝侯の公子（JF2世？）は、ヴィッテンベルクの降伏文書に同意した。彼の領地が、親類であるモーリッツの手に渡った後、彼に対する非難は一生投獄と決められた。1552年の9月1日に救出されたあと、母国への彼の帰還は盛大なお祝いになった。彼はワイマールへ宮廷を移した。
Wittenberg declined after 1547, when Dresden, residence of the Albertine dukes, replaced it as the Saxon capital.
ヴィッテンベルクは1547年以降、アルブレヒト公の本拠があるドレスデンへ、選帝侯領の首都の座を移すことになった。
de:Wittenberger Kapitulationより一部抜粋
Die Wittenberger Kapitulation, am 19. Mai 1547 beendete den Schmalkaldischen Krieg, der in der Schlacht bei Mühlberg vom 24. April 1547 entschieden wurde. Sie wurde im kaiserlichen Feldlager Karls V. nahe dem kurfürstlichen Vorwerk Bleesern vor Wittenberg unterzeichnet. Im Ergebnis erhielt die albertinische Linie der Wettiner die sächsische Kurwürde von den Ernestinern. Die Gebiete um Wittenberg und Zwickau gingen ebenfalls auf die albertinische Linie über. Das ernestinische Vogtland und ein kleines Gebiet um Platten im Erzgebirge gingen zudem an die böhmische Krone.
The Wittenberg capitulation, on May 19, 1547, ended the Schmalkaldic War, which was decided in the Battle of Mühlberg on 24 April 1547. It was signed in the imperial field camp of Charles V near the Electoral Vorwerk Bleesern in front of Wittenberg. As a result, the Albertine line of the Wettins received the Saxonian Kurwürde from the Ernestines. The areas around Wittenberg and Zwickau also changed to the Albertine line. The serious Vogtland and a small area around plates in the Erzgebirge also went to the Bohemian crown.
1547年5月19日、ヴィッテンベルクの降伏。これによりシュマルカルデン戦争は終わった。これは4月24日のミュールベルクの合戦で決定づけられたものだった。ヴィッテンベルクの目の前の Bleesernというの皇帝軍の野営地で、JFは署名した。この結果、ヴェッティン家のアルブレヒト系は、エルンスト系からザクセン選帝侯位をもらうことになった。Vogtlandやエルツ山地周辺の小領地Horní Blatnáはボヘミア王のものになった。
Im Schmalkaldischen Krieg setzte sich der katholische Kaiser Karl V., verbündet mit dem protestantischen Herzog Moritz von Sachsen, u. a. gegen den sächsischen Kurfürsten Johann Friedrich I. durch, der der dauerhaften Übertragung der sächsischen Kurfürstenwürde an die Albertiner zustimmen musste. Friedrich musste seine Gebiete östlich der Saale an Moritz von Sachsen abtreten.
In the Schmalkaldic War, the Catholic Emperor Charles V, allied with the Protestant Duke Moritz of Saxony, interceded against the Saxon Elector Johann Friedrich I, who had to agree to the permanent transfer of the Saxon Electorate to the Albertins. Frederick had to give up his territories east of the Saale to Moritz of Saxony.
シュマルカルデン戦争で、カトリックの教皇カール5世は、プロテスタントのモーリッツと組んで、ザクセン選帝侯JFから選帝侯位をとりあげて、アルブレヒト家のものにした。JFは、Saale サーレより東の領地をすべてモーリッツに譲らねばならなかった。
Moritz konnte den Gewinn der sächsischen Kurwürde und die territoriale Erweiterung seines Machtbereichs politisch nutzen. Zusammen mit anderen oppositionellen deutschen Fürsten und im Bündnis mit dem französischen König Heinrich II. und mit Ferdinand, dem Bruder des Kaisers, gelang es ihm, Kaiser Karl V. 1552 zur Unterzeichnung des Passauer Vertrages zu bringen. Damit war der Protestantismus in Deutschland förmlich anerkannt, auch wenn der Kaiser den Vertrag nicht einzuhalten gedachte.
Moritz was able to make political use of the gain of the Saxonian Kurwürde and the territorial expansion of its power. Together with other oppositional German princes and in the alliance with the French king Henry II and with Ferdinand, the brother of the Emperor, he succeeded in bringing Emperor Charles V to the signing of the Passau Treaty. Thus Protestantism was formally recognized in Germany, even if the Emperor did not intend to comply with the treaty.
モーリッツは、ザクセン選帝侯位と領地の大幅な拡大によって、大きな力を得た。対抗するほかのドイツ諸侯や、フランス王アンリ2世、皇帝の兄弟であるフェルディナンドと結び、モーリッツはカール5世にパッサウ条約を認めさせた。これによりプロテスタントはドイツで正式に認められることになったが、皇帝はこの条約を履行しようとはしなかった。
1554 wurden die Gebietsabtretungen der Ernestiner an die Albertiner durch den Naumburger Vertrag teilweise rückgängig gemacht.
In 1554, the territories of the Ernestines to the Albertins were partly withdrawn by the Treaty of Naumburg.
1554年には、Treaty of Naumburg によって、エルンスト家とアルブレヒト家の領地を再配分した。
Die Wittenberger Kapitulation mit der territorialen Beschneidung der ernestinischen Territorien war ein wichtiger Ausgangspunkt für die Gestalt des heutigen Landes Thüringen.
The Wittenberg capitulation with the territorial circumcision of the Seronian territories was an important starting point for the figure of today's Land of Thuringia.
ヴィッテンベルクの降伏文書は、現在のチューリンゲン地方の在り方を決定づけることになった。
シビラのADB
Sibylle, Kurfürstin von Sachsen, geboren zu Düsseldorf am 17. Juli 1512, † zu Weimar am 21. Februar 1554, Tochter Herzogs Johann III. von Cleve und Marias, der Tochter Herzogs Wilhelm von Jülich und Berg und durch diese eine Urenkelin der Tochter Kurfürst Friedrich's II. von Sachsen, wurde am 3. Juni 1527 mit dem sächsischen Kurprinzen, nachherigen Kurfürsten Johann Friedrich (dem Großmüthigen) von Sachsen (s. d.) vermählt, nachdem die Eheberedung zwischen diesem und der Infantin Katharina von Spanien aufgelöst worden war. Auf der Bestimmung des Ehevertrags, daß nach Abgang des jülich-cleveschen Mannesstammes das Herzogthum auf S., ihren Gemahl und beider männliche Nachkommen fallen solle, beruhten die Ansprüche des ernestinischen Hauses auf die jülich-clevesche Erbschaft; doch verweigerte Kaiser Karl V. dem Kurfürsten Johann 1530 die Bestätigung dieses Vertrags. Wohl schon an dem von Erasmus beeinflußten Hofe ihres Vaters reformatorischen Ideen zugewandt, theilte sie mit ihrem Gemahl den Eifer für Luther's Lehre, der Angriff Herzogs Moritz auf das Kurfürstenthum in Abwesenheit ihres Gemahls erfüllte sie mit heftiger Entrüstung gegen dessen Undankbarkeit (v. Langenn, Herzog Moritz I, 296 f. 336). Nach der Schlacht bei Mühlberg übergab sie Wittenberg 24. Mai 1547 dem Kaiser, der ihr große Achtung bewies, und zog sich nach Weimar zurück. Ihre Bitten um Erleichterung der Gefangenschaft ihres Gemahls, mit dem sie einen lebhaften Briefwechsel unterhielt, blieben erfolglos. In Koburg feierte sie September 1552 ein rührendes Wiedersehen mit dem Befreiten, ging ihm aber schon am 21. Februar 1554 im Tode voraus. Beide ruhen in der Stadtkirche zu Weimar.
Sibylle, Electoress of Saxony, born in Dusseldorf, 17 July 1512, to Weimar, February 21, 1554, daughter of Duke John III. Of Cleve and Marias, the daughter of Duke William of Jiich and of Berg, and by this a great-granddaughter of the daughter of Elector Frederick II of Saxony, was proclaimed on June 3, 1527, with the Saxonian Kurprinzen, later Elector Johann Friedrich (the Magnanimous) of Saxony (p ) After the marriage between the latter and the Infanta Catherine of Spain had been dissolved. On the determination of the marriage contract that the duchy was to fall upon S., her husband, and both male descendants, after the departure of the Juelich-manish tribe, the claims of the Ernestine house depended on the inherited inheritance; But Emperor Charles V refused the confirmation of this treaty to the Elector John in 1530. In the court of her father's influence, influenced by Erasmus, she shared with her husband the zeal for Luther's doctrine, and the attack of Duke Moritz upon the Electorate in the absence of her husband, filled her with indignant indignation against his ingratitude (by Langenn, duke Moritz I, 296 f. 336). After the Battle of Miihlberg, Wittenberg, May 24, 1547, gave her the Emperor, who showed her great respect, and retired to Weimar. Her pleas for the confinement of her husband, with whom she entertained a lively correspondence, were unsuccessful. In Koburg, in September 1552, she celebrated a touching reunion with the liberated, but she passed him on 21 February 1554 in death. Both rest in the city church at Weimar.
