「モルヴァン」の版間の差分
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'''Morman'''<ref>This spelling is from the [[cartulary]] of [[Redon Abbey]]. His name is also spelled '''Morvan''', '''Morwan''', or '''Moruuan'''.</ref> (died 818)<ref>[[Regino of Prüm]] refers to a ''Murmanus rex Brittonum'' ("Murman, king of the Britons") who died in 837, but Regino's chronology is notoriously wrong.</ref> was a [[Bretons|Breton]] chieftain who was declared King (''rex'') after the death of the Bretons' [[Franks|Frankish]] overlord [[Charlemagne]] in 814. He is the first personage known by name to be described as a Breton "king" and he probably ruled a warband with members drawn from throughout Brittany.<ref>Smith, 73–74 and 116.</ref> He had a stronghold defended by ditches, hedges, and marshes.<ref>Smith, 21 n54.</ref> | '''Morman'''<ref>This spelling is from the [[cartulary]] of [[Redon Abbey]]. His name is also spelled '''Morvan''', '''Morwan''', or '''Moruuan'''.</ref> (died 818)<ref>[[Regino of Prüm]] refers to a ''Murmanus rex Brittonum'' ("Murman, king of the Britons") who died in 837, but Regino's chronology is notoriously wrong.</ref> was a [[Bretons|Breton]] chieftain who was declared King (''rex'') after the death of the Bretons' [[Franks|Frankish]] overlord [[Charlemagne]] in 814. He is the first personage known by name to be described as a Breton "king" and he probably ruled a warband with members drawn from throughout Brittany.<ref>Smith, 73–74 and 116.</ref> He had a stronghold defended by ditches, hedges, and marshes.<ref>Smith, 21 n54.</ref> | ||
| − | + | モルヴァンはカール大帝に忠実を誓っていた。おそらく家臣となる儀式（腕を差し出して行う）も行っていたと考えられている。しかし811年にブルトン人を率いて叛乱を起こした<ref>Smith, 68 and n34.</ref>。 | |
Morman had been a faithful follower of Charlemagne, having sworn oaths to him and performed the giving of hands, probably becoming his ''[[Vassal|vassus]]'', although the Bretons rose up in rebellion in 811.<ref>Smith, 68 and n34.</ref> | Morman had been a faithful follower of Charlemagne, having sworn oaths to him and performed the giving of hands, probably becoming his ''[[Vassal|vassus]]'', although the Bretons rose up in rebellion in 811.<ref>Smith, 68 and n34.</ref> | ||
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Morman's rebellion against Frankish lordship in 814 threatened the integrity of the empire recently inherited by [[Louis the Pious]]. While the Bretons may have contended that the elevation of Morman on the death of the incumbent Charlemagne was legitimate, the Frankish writers [[Astronomus]] and [[Ermoldus Niger|Ermold the Black]] viewed it as a usurpation.<ref>Smith, 65.</ref> | Morman's rebellion against Frankish lordship in 814 threatened the integrity of the empire recently inherited by [[Louis the Pious]]. While the Bretons may have contended that the elevation of Morman on the death of the incumbent Charlemagne was legitimate, the Frankish writers [[Astronomus]] and [[Ermoldus Niger|Ermold the Black]] viewed it as a usurpation.<ref>Smith, 65.</ref> | ||
| + | ルイ敬虔王（ルートヴィヒ1世）は、モルヴァンと交渉するため、聖職者Witcharを派遣した。Ermold the Blackの伝えによると、この修道士は「覚えているか、貴殿が立てた誓いを。フランク人にその右腕を差し出したことを。自ら示したカール大帝への忠誠を（''Non memorat jurata fides, seu dextera Francis / Saepe data, et Carolo servitia exhibita?''）」と問うたという<ref>Smith, 65 and 68 n34</ref>。しかしこの交渉は不首尾に終わり、ルイ敬虔王（ルートヴィヒ1世）はブルターニュ侵攻のための軍を招集した。 | ||
| − | + | Louis sent Abbot Witchar to negotiate with Morman. According to Ermold, the abbot asked, "Do you not remember your sworn fealty, or your right hand to the Franks / often given, and to Charles the service you showed?"<ref>Smith, 65 and 68 n34 ("''Non memorat jurata fides, seu dextera Francis / Saepe data, et Carolo servitia exhibita?''").</ref> But after failing to bring Morman around to accepting Frankish rule, Louis prepared an army to invade Brittany. | |
| − | + | ||
In the spring of 818, the army, composed of forces from all the [[Carolingian]] ''regna'' (literally "kingdoms", but actually subkingdoms), assembled at [[Vannes]], the westernmost point of sure Frankish control, and marched to [[Priziac]] in the far west of the county of the Vannetais on the bank of the [[Ellé]]. The Franks launched a series of attacks on various Breton fortresses and, after Morman was killed in battle, resistance collapsed. According to the ''[[Chronicle of Moissac]]'', Louis returned with a "triumph of victory", although the Bretons revolted again in 822 under [[Wihomarc]].<ref>Smith, 66.</ref> | In the spring of 818, the army, composed of forces from all the [[Carolingian]] ''regna'' (literally "kingdoms", but actually subkingdoms), assembled at [[Vannes]], the westernmost point of sure Frankish control, and marched to [[Priziac]] in the far west of the county of the Vannetais on the bank of the [[Ellé]]. The Franks launched a series of attacks on various Breton fortresses and, after Morman was killed in battle, resistance collapsed. According to the ''[[Chronicle of Moissac]]'', Louis returned with a "triumph of victory", although the Bretons revolted again in 822 under [[Wihomarc]].<ref>Smith, 66.</ref> | ||
2018年6月11日 (月) 18:25時点における版
en:Morman（oldid=845057483）より転記
{distinguish|Mormon}}
モルヴァン（モルマン、ブルトン語: Morvan）、フランス語: ？？、英語: Morman、Morwan、Moruuanなど。生年？ - 818年）はブルターニュの人物。
ルドンの修道院に伝わる文書での綴りは「Morman（モルマン）」。
プリュムのレギノ（？年 - 951年）による『Chronicon（年代記）』では「 Murmanus rex Brittonum」（ムルマン、ブルトン人の王）と記されており、837年に死んだとされている。ただしこの年代記は誤りが多いことでよく知られている。
モルヴァンはブルトン人の首長である。814年にフランク王国のカール大帝が没した後は、ブルトン人の「王（rex）」と称された。ブルターニュ史上、王号で呼ばれた首長のうち、個人名が判明している人物としては最古の王である[1]。モルヴァンは、沼沢地や窪地といったブルターニュの地形を活かした砦を築いた[2] 。
Morman[3] (died 818)[4] was a Breton chieftain who was declared King (rex) after the death of the Bretons' Frankish overlord Charlemagne in 814. He is the first personage known by name to be described as a Breton "king" and he probably ruled a warband with members drawn from throughout Brittany.[5] He had a stronghold defended by ditches, hedges, and marshes.[6]
モルヴァンはカール大帝に忠実を誓っていた。おそらく家臣となる儀式（腕を差し出して行う）も行っていたと考えられている。しかし811年にブルトン人を率いて叛乱を起こした[7]。
Morman had been a faithful follower of Charlemagne, having sworn oaths to him and performed the giving of hands, probably becoming his vassus, although the Bretons rose up in rebellion in 811.[8]
モルヴァンがフランク人の支配権に対して起こした反乱は、814年には、カール大帝から帝国を受継いだばかりのルイ敬虔王（敬虔帝ルートヴィヒ1世）の治世を脅かすまでになった。ブルトン人の側では、先帝カール大帝が有していた「ブルトン王」の地位をモルヴァンが正統な後継者として継承して戴冠したのだと考えていた。しかし当時のフランク人の著述家Vita HludoviciやErmold le Noirらは、これを僭称だとみなした[9]。
Morman's rebellion against Frankish lordship in 814 threatened the integrity of the empire recently inherited by Louis the Pious. While the Bretons may have contended that the elevation of Morman on the death of the incumbent Charlemagne was legitimate, the Frankish writers Astronomus and Ermold the Black viewed it as a usurpation.[10]
ルイ敬虔王（ルートヴィヒ1世）は、モルヴァンと交渉するため、聖職者Witcharを派遣した。Ermold the Blackの伝えによると、この修道士は「覚えているか、貴殿が立てた誓いを。フランク人にその右腕を差し出したことを。自ら示したカール大帝への忠誠を（Non memorat jurata fides, seu dextera Francis / Saepe data, et Carolo servitia exhibita?）」と問うたという[11]。しかしこの交渉は不首尾に終わり、ルイ敬虔王（ルートヴィヒ1世）はブルターニュ侵攻のための軍を招集した。
Louis sent Abbot Witchar to negotiate with Morman. According to Ermold, the abbot asked, "Do you not remember your sworn fealty, or your right hand to the Franks / often given, and to Charles the service you showed?"[12] But after failing to bring Morman around to accepting Frankish rule, Louis prepared an army to invade Brittany.
In the spring of 818, the army, composed of forces from all the Carolingian regna (literally "kingdoms", but actually subkingdoms), assembled at Vannes, the westernmost point of sure Frankish control, and marched to Priziac in the far west of the county of the Vannetais on the bank of the Ellé. The Franks launched a series of attacks on various Breton fortresses and, after Morman was killed in battle, resistance collapsed. According to the Chronicle of Moissac, Louis returned with a "triumph of victory", although the Bretons revolted again in 822 under Wihomarc.[13]
脚注
注釈
出典
- ↑ Smith, 73–74 and 116.
- ↑ Smith, 21 n54.
- ↑ This spelling is from the cartulary of Redon Abbey. His name is also spelled Morvan, Morwan, or Moruuan.
- ↑ Regino of Prüm refers to a Murmanus rex Brittonum ("Murman, king of the Britons") who died in 837, but Regino's chronology is notoriously wrong.
- ↑ Smith, 73–74 and 116.
- ↑ Smith, 21 n54.
- ↑ Smith, 68 and n34.
- ↑ Smith, 68 and n34.
- ↑ Smith, 65.
- ↑ Smith, 65.
- ↑ Smith, 65 and 68 n34
- ↑ Smith, 65 and 68 n34 ("Non memorat jurata fides, seu dextera Francis / Saepe data, et Carolo servitia exhibita?").
- ↑ Smith, 66.
<references> で定義されている <ref> タグに name 属性がありません。書誌情報
関連図書
外部リンク
関連項目
References
{Portal|Brittany}}
- Smith, Julia M. H. Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians. Cambridge University Press, 1992.
{Breton monarchs}}
[Category:818 deaths]] [Category:Breton people]] [Category:Year of birth unknown]] [Category:9th-century rulers in Europe]] [Category:Military personnel killed in action]] [Category:Kings of Brittany]]
