トーク:モルトン/wiki quality

• 翻訳元 e:Malton, North Yorkshire(oldid=676932053)

モルトン

• UK／イングランド
• Region／Yorkshire and the Humber（w:ヨークシャー・アンド・ザ・ハンバー）
• Shire county／e:North Yorkshire（w:ノース・ヨークシャー）
• shire_district ／Ryedale
• 座標：N 54.139／W -0.792
• 人口：4888人
• constituency_westminster ／ Thirsk and Malton

モルトン（Malton）はヨーク地方の町である。

地方区分

モルトンはイギリスの地方区分のなかでは、国：イングランド - 地方：w:ヨークシャー・アンド・ザ・ハンバー - 州：w:ノース・ヨークシャー - 郡：ライデール、となっている。

かつては「ヨーク州・北ライディング郡」(e:North Riding of Yorkshire)だった。

行政教区(civil parish)と選挙区( electoral ward)としては独立単位になっている。

モルトンにはライデール郡の郡庁(offices of District Council)が置かれている。人口は約13000人。教区・選挙区でみると人口は4888人（2011年）となっている。

（イギリスでは1970年代からしばしば地方行政区分が変更されており、年代ごとの用語・訳語が複雑になっている。詳細はw:イングランドの行政区画・w:イギリスのカウンティ・w:イングランドのカウンティ・w:イングランドの都市および非都市カウンティ参照）

地理

ダーウェント川(River Derwent)の右岸（北側）にある。昔はダーウェント川がヨーク州の郡境になっていて、右岸（北側）が 北ライディング郡(e:North Riding of Yorkshire、左岸（南側）が東ライディング郡(e:East Riding of Yorkshire)だった。

ダーウェント川の対岸にはノートン(Norton)の町がある。かつての「モートン精肉社(Malton Bacon Factory)」（今は「カロー食品」(Karro Food Group)）とか「モートン」駅、「モートン」バス停は実際にはノートン側にある。

モートンはこの地域の商業の中心地である。中心街には昔ながらの小売店が並んでいる。最近は市場周辺に終日営業のバーや喫茶店があり、w:パブのようになっている。

History

古代

モルトンでの最古の建造物は1世紀後半に遡る。

アグリコラ将軍が率いるローマ軍はブリタニア遠征によって1世紀にヨーク城塞(古名e:Eboracum)を作った。同じ頃に、付城としてデルウェンティオ(Derventio)砦が作られた。

ここはダーウェント川の右岸に作られた。砦の周辺や川の対岸にも入植地が広がっていった。

砦には「Ala Gallorum Picentiana(The Picentine Wing of Gauls)」という古代ローマ軍の1部隊が駐屯していた。（e:Derventio Brigantumも参照）

ここにはローマ人がイギリスを支配していた4世紀まで入植が続けられた。特にトラヤヌス帝、セウェルス帝、コンスタンティヌス大帝、テオドシウス大帝の時代にはw:黒玉の産地として知られており、特定の宝飾職人の個人名も記録されている。

Medieval

11世紀に、ノルマン人が木造のモルトン城(e:Malton Castle)を建てた。これは今は城址公園(Castle Garden)になっている。

この城は後にユスタス・ド・ヴェシー卿(e:Eustace de Vescy)が石造りで建て替えており、1189年にリチャード獅子心王がこの地を訪れたときには既に石の城になっていた。

このほか、1307年にイングランド王エドワード2世、1322年にスコットランド王ロバート1世が当地を訪れている。城はその後廃れてしまった。

城のあった場所は1544年に初代ユール男爵(e:William Eure, 1st Baron Eure)の授爵のときに男爵領となった。

1569年に3代ユール男爵(e:Ralph Eure, 3rd Baron Eure)が城跡に邸宅を建てた。邸宅は1602年に改築されたが、当時の初代スリングビー卿(e:Sir Henry Slingsby, 1st Baronet)は、新しい屋敷は有名なオードリー・エンド邸(e:Audley End House)などの当時の様々な邸宅に勝るとも劣らない豪邸だったと伝えている。

屋敷は1674年に解体され、石材はユール家の2人の娘、パームズ家(e:Palmes family)に嫁いだメアリーとマーガレットに譲られた。二人は相続をめぐって争いになり、州長官のヘンリー・マーウッド(Henry Marwood)によって家を壊して二分しろと命じられたのである。客用の別棟だけが現存しており、当時のジャコビアン様式(e:Jacobean architecture)の『e:prodigy house』の面影や屋敷の規模の片鱗をいまに伝えている。

18th and 19th centuries

According to contemporary archives, during the 18th century attention was paid to the improving the facilities for traders in Malton, in particular for the numerous butchers, .

The town’s Shambles, currently opposite Malton Town Hall, used to be located on the north side of St Michael's Church, which still stands in the centre of the Market Place.

The town hall was commissioned in 1749. The building was first used as a butter market, butter being the main marketable product for many farmers of the day. The town hall was extended and changed at various intervals over the years.

A sure sign of a town 'up and coming' was the advertisement of a 'light coach, setting out from Leeds to Scarborough returning to Malton to dine.'

In the last year of the 18th century, there was a famine in the area, and a soup kitchen was set up in a brew house in the town. The Earl Fitzwilliam of the time subscribed to a fund, which helped provide 'good strong soup' for the hungry poor.

In 1801 the population of Old and New Malton numbered 3,788. The workhouse contained 15 elderly people and 17 children.

In 1809 Malton’s Talbot Hotel was extended and modernised with a third floor being added and new stables being constructed across the road from the hotel.

The town’s Assembly Rooms were opened in 1814, a place in which 'polite society' could mingle. According to the 1840 edition of White’s Gazetteer, it was noted that Malton's "town and suburbs have much improved during the last twenty years, by the erection of houses; and gas works were constructed in 1832." Later the 1840 York Herald reported that Malton,s street lights were not in working order due to flooding.

The development of the local railway network flourished during the mid-1800s – the York to Scarborough railway opened in 1845 and the Malton and Driffield Junction Railway opened in 1853.

Navigation on the River Derwent

The navigation capacity on the Derwent was one of the earliest in Britain to be significantly improved around 1725, enabling extensive barge traffic to transport goods and produce.

The navigation continued to compete with the railway, having been extended as far as Yedingham after 1810. The river’s use as a highway declined only after it was bought by the Railway itself and cheaper coal began to arrive by rail, while river maintenance was deliberately neglected.

Government

In Mediaeval times, Malton was briefly a parliamentary borough in the 13th century, and again from 1640 to 1885; the borough was sometimes referred to as 'New Malton'. It was represented by two Members of Parliament until 1868, among them the political philosopher Edmund Burke, and by one member from 1868 to 1885.

The previous Member of Parliament for Thirsk and Malton (2010 - 2015) was Anne McIntosh, who represented the Conservative Party.

Today

Attractions in modern Malton include the signposted remains of the Roman fort at 'Orchard Fields', and Malton Priory a Gilbertine priory. Eden Camp, a military themed museum, is located just outside the town. Malton Museum is located at the Subscription Rooms in Yorkersgate. The town has an independent cinema, which also houses the World Wide Shopping Mall, and independent retailers, high street shops, cafés, public houses and restaurants.

Both towns are known in connection with Charles Dickens, who made regular visits to the area to see his friend Charles Smithson; he also wrote the famous novel "A Christmas Carol" while staying in Malton. There have been recent revivals of Dickens-related festivals. Malton and the neighbouring village of Old Malton provide the settings for the collection of stories told in the book, "All is Bright - A Yorkshire Lad's Christmas" by Dave Preston.

In September 2013 Ryedale District Council issued their Local Plan Strategy. The current Local Plan, produced in September 2013, supports Malton (together with Norton, its twin town on the south side of the river Derwent) as Ryedale District’s Principal Town. The Local Plan sees Malton’s historic town centre as the thriving and attractive cultural and economic heart of the area. During the Plan’s period until 2027, Malton and Norton will be the focus for the majority of any new development and growth including new housing, employment and retail units. The Local Plan establishes a level of house-building of 200 units per annum for the whole district in order to deliver at least 3,000 (net) new homes over the period of 2012 to 2027. Approximately 50% of the planned supply – around 1,500 new homes - will be directed to Malton and Norton. A further plan for employment land is proposed for Malton. Of the 37 hectares of employment land required to meet the needs of the district until 2027, approximately 80% will be allocated towards Malton and Norton. For retail development the plan reflects Malton’s role as the main retail centre serving Ryedale, and will direct most new retail and other town centre uses to Malton in order to support and promote its role as a shopping, employment, leisure and cultural centre for Ryedale.

Malton holds a market every Saturday, and a farmers' market once every month. The town has a war memorial and several historical churches (Norton-on-Derwent also holds large church buildings). The town is served by Malton railway station.

Malton is the middle-ground between York, Pickering (access to the North York Moors and also a terminus of the North Yorkshire Moors Railway), Scarborough, Filey and Whitby. The route of The White Rose Way, a long distance walk from Leeds to Scarborough, North Yorkshire also passes through.

Malton and Norton is significant for its horse racing connections, and has a number of training stables in the vicinity. The most recent Malton Stables Open Day, held in August 2013, showcased 19 trainer stables. Writer Norman Maitland describes the history of horse racing as "being in the blood in this part of Yorkshire for generations ..." with meetings being advertised as early as 1692.

Malton was voted one of the best places to live in Britain by The Sunday Times in March 2014.

The 300-year-old Fitzwilliam Malton Estate owns and manages commercial, residential and agricultural property in and around the town of Malton. In 1713 The Hon Thomas Watson Wentworth purchased the Manor of Malton, beginning a long association between the town and the Wentworth, Watson-Wentworth, Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, and Naylor-Leyland families. A book detailing the history since 1713 was published in 2013, entitled 300 years of continuity and change: families and business in Malton from the 18th century to the present.テンプレート:Citation needed

We Love Malton

The 'We Love Malton' campaign was launched in March 2009. It aimed to reinvigorate the town of Malton as a 'Food Lovers' destination and raise its appeal with both residents and tourists. The most recent Food Lovers Festival took place on Saturday 23 and Sunday 24 May 2015 and included special guests Levi Roots, Prue Leith and Valentine Warner. The Festival for 2016 will take place Saturday 28 and Sunday 29 May.

Malton Community Interest Company (Malton CIC)

Formed in 2011, Malton CIC benefits the local area with donations to local organisations, including Ryedale Book Festival. The CIC also finances and provides two hours free parking in Malton's Market Place. It helps organise and fund Malton Food Lovers Festival and the Malton Monthly Food Markets.

Religion

Malton's churches include St Michael's Anglican church and St Leonards with St Mary Catholic church. There are other churches in the area.

Education

There are two secondary schools in Malton and Norton, Malton School, founded in 1547, and Norton College. Primary education is provided by St Mary's RC Primary School, Norton Community Primary School and Malton Community Primary School.

Climate

As with the rest of the British Isles and Yorkshire, Malton possesses a maritime climate with cool summers and mild winters. The nearest Met Office weather station for which records are available is High Mowthorpe, about テンプレート:Convert east of the town centre. Due to its lower elevation, the town centre is likely to be marginally warmer than High Mowthorpe throughout the year.

Transport

Malton is bypassed by the A64, which runs from Leeds and York to Scarborough, with a junction at the A169 to Pickering and Whitby.

Malton railway station is on the TransPennine Express route, with fast trains every hour running from Scarborough to York, Leeds, Manchester and Liverpool. Current fastest train time from Malton to London Kings Cross (with one change at York) is approximately 2 hours 33 minutes, while Malton to Leeds can take as little as 51 minutes. There are plans to re-open the old rail link between Malton and Pickering, by the heritage North Yorkshire Moors Railway that would re-create services from Malton to Whitby at a distance of テンプレート:Convert.

Malton's bus service is run by Coastliner, a division of the TransDev bus group. Buses run from Leeds and York through Malton to Pickering/Whitby, Scarborough, and Bridlington. There are also regular buses to Castle Howard and Hovingham, and a number of local bus routes.

See also

• Derventio (Malton)
• Mike Pannett

References

• Derventio - (Malton) Roman Fort and Civilian Settlement L. Peter Wenham (Cameo Books 1974)
• The Romans In East Yorkshire John H. Rumsby, English Life Publications 1980
• Mosaic – the Pavement that Walked Clive Ashman (Voreda Books, London, 2008: ISBN 978-0-9556398-0-7)
• 300 years of continuity and change: families and business in Malton from the 18th century to the present. Norman Maitland, published by Malton CIC in 2013.

External links

• {Commons category-inline|Malton, North Yorkshire}}
• Malton on Ryedale.co.uk
• Malton Mercury Newspaper
• Malton Museum
• We Love Malton

{Portalbar|Yorkshire|England|United Kingdom}} {North Yorkshire|state=collapsed}}

{Authority control}} [Category:Malton, North Yorkshire| ]] [Category:Market towns in North Yorkshire]] [Category:Civil parishes in North Yorkshire]] [Category:Towns in North Yorkshire]]